福建南平植烟土壤主要养分特征及生产对策

Analysis on the Soil Nutrition and Strategy on the Planting in Nanping Areas of Fujian

2005年采集了福建南平烟区有代表性的植烟土壤样品159个,并进行了土壤的理化性状分析。结果表明:福建南平烟区土壤质地以黏壤土、壤土和砂壤土为主;与以往研究相比,土壤pH有所上升,平均5.59±0.31,仅有38.99%的植烟土壤偏酸性;土壤有机质和速效氮含量仍较丰富,有机质平均(34.86±7.88)g/kg,碱解氮平均(188.3±40.0)mg/kg,49.69%的土壤有机质含量>35mg/kg;土壤速效磷含量平均(36.5±27.2)mg/kg,有35.85%的植烟土壤速效磷<20mg/kg;植烟土壤缓效钾含量平均(362.8±241.0)mg/kg,速效钾含量平均(62.3±31.4)mg/kg,速效钾含量>150mg/kg的植烟土壤仅占1.26%。为此,在烟叶生产上要因地制宜,对偏酸性土壤,要注意施用白云石粉,但应隔1～2年;严格控制氮肥施用量,适当补充磷肥,并注意增施钾肥。

The nutrients in 159 soil samples collected from tobacco-growing areas in Nanping of Fujian provinces were analyzed. The results showed that most soils texture was clay loam or loam or sandy loam, the average soils pH value was 5.59±0.31, 38.99% of the average soils pH value was less than 5.5; the high soil organic matters and available nitrogen were found, the average contents of soils organic matters was （34.86± 7.88） g/kg, alkalihydrolyzable N was （188.3±40.0） mg/kg, 49.69% of the average contents of soils organic matters was over 35 g/kg; the average contents of soil available P was （36.5±27.2） mg/kg, 35.85% of the average contents of soil available P was lower than 20 mg/kg. The results showed that soil available K was so low, the average buffer available K, available K was （362.8±241.0） mg/kg, （62.3±31.4）mg/kg, respectively, only 1.26% of soil available K was over 150 mg/kg. The fertilization suggestion of controlling N, increasing P and K were recommended. For acid soil, aoolication of lime was recommended.