洪泽湖地区血吸虫病潜在流行因素调查

Investigation on potential epidemic factors of schistosomiasis in Hongze Lake area

目的了解洪泽湖地区钉螺孳生情况以及当地居民、渔船民血吸虫感染情况、疫区生活史和对血吸虫病的知晓情况。方法选择洪泽湖东侧的西河底滩和南侧的马庄引水渠开展钉螺调查;选择3个渔船民集散点及邻近洪泽湖的3个村进行病情调查,用胶体染料试纸条法(DDIA)对调查者进行血清学检查,阳性者用Kato-Katz法进行粪便检查。结果2007～2008年,共调查面积13440m2,打捞漂浮物412kg,投放稻草帘80块,调查船只86只,均未发现钉螺。DDIA检查2495人,阳性31人,阳性率为1.24%。女性阳性率显著高于男性,阳性者全部为渔船民和农民,年龄多为30～60岁。粪检29人,未发现阳性病人。2.81%的受检者到过血吸虫病疫区,0.36%患过血吸虫病,其中7.73%的渔船民到过血吸虫病疫区,1.29%的渔船民患过血吸虫病。血吸虫病防治知识知晓率为17.43%。结论洪泽湖地区未发现钉螺和血吸虫感染者,渔船民和农民是监测的主要对象。应做好长期血吸虫病监测工作,加强健康教育。

Objective To understand the snail status and schistosome infection situation of residents,fishmen and boatmen,and living history in endemic areas and awareness of schistosomiasis in Hongze Lake area. Methods The snail survey was carried out in the Xihedi Beach in the east and the Mazhuang Diversion canal in the south,and the morbidity investigation was carried out in 3 fishmen distributing centers and 3 villages nearing the lake. DDIA was applied in the serological examination and the positive objects were checked further by Kato-Katz method. Results From 2007 to 2008,an area of 13 440 m2 was surveyed,412 kg floaters were salvaged,80 rice straw curtains were put into water and 86 boats were investigated,while no snails were found. A total of 2 495 objects were involved in the serological examination and 31 were positive with a positive rate of 1.24%. All of the 31 cases were farmers and fishmen with an age ranged from 30 to 60 years old. The positive rate of the female was significantly higher than that of the male. Twenty-nine objects were involved in the fecal examination and no positive ones were found. 2.81% of the objects had ever gone to endemic areas and 0.36% of them had ever been infected. For the fishmen and boatmen,7.73% of them had gone to endemic areas and 1.29% had been infected. The awareness rate of knowledge of schistosomiasis control was 17.43%. Conclusions No snails or schistosomiasis patients are found in Hongze Lake area,and the fishmen and boatmen are the key population for surveillance. The surveillance work should be continued and health education should be strengthened for a long period.