1999～2008年云南省重要自然疫源性疾病疫情分析

Epidemic situation of important natural-focus diseases in Yunnan Province,1999-2008

目的分析1999～2008年云南省重要自然疫源性疾病疫情,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。方法收集1999～2008年云南省重要自然疫源性疾病相关数据,采用描述流行病学进行分析。结果1999～2008年,云南省发生的重要自然疫源性疾病包括细菌、螺旋体病类的鼠疫、布鲁氏菌病、炭疽、钩端螺旋体病,病毒类的狂犬病、流行性出血热、登革热、流行性乙型脑炎,以及寄生虫病类的疟疾、血吸虫病共10种疾病,病人109445例,死亡795例,病死率为0.73%。疟疾发病人数最多,其次为流行性乙型脑炎和钩端螺旋体病,狂犬病病死率为100%。鼠疫、血吸虫病流行得到有效控制;狂犬病、登革热、钩端螺旋体病和布鲁氏菌病疫情呈现上升趋势。全省16个州(市)中,除迪庆、怒江、曲靖、玉溪外均为重病区。发病群体男性显著高于女性,特别是炭疽、狂犬病、疟疾最为明显。不同疾病发病年龄组不同,高发群体主要为农民、学生、散居儿童和民工,以疟疾发病群体最广泛。结论云南省自然疫源性疾病疫情形势严峻。加强监测与预警、提升应急处置能力和严防大疫发生是防控的主要策略。

Objective To analyse the epidemic situation of important natural-focus diseases in Yunnan Province from 1999 to 2008 in order to provide basis for making the control strategy. Methods The related data of the important natural-focus diseases in Yunnan Province from 1999 to 2008 was collected,and the descriptive epidemiology was used for analysis. Results From 1999 to 2008,109 445 cases,including plague,brucellosis,anthrax,leptospirosis,rabies,epidemic hemorrhagic fever,dengue fever,epidemic encephalitis B,malaria and schistosomiasis,were reported in Yunnan Province,795 of them died （the fatality rate was 0.73%）. Among the 10 diseases,malaria had the highest number of cases,and the numbers of epidemic encephalitis B and leptospirosis cases were the second and third. The fatality rate of rabies was 100%. The epidemics of plague and schistosomiasis were effectively controlled. However,the epidemics of rabies,dengue fever,leptospirosis and brucellosis showed an ascending trend. Among the 16 prefectures （cities）,the epidemics of 12 （except Diqing,Nujiang,Qujing and Yuxi） were very serious. The incidences of the diseases in the male were significantly higher than those in the female,particularly of anthrax,rabies and malaria. The incidence for different age groups was various. Farmers,students,children and migrant workers were the population with the highest incidence. Malaria had the widest population of incidence. Conclusions The epidemic situation of natural-focus diseases in Yunnan Province is very serious. Monitoring and early warning the diseases,improving the ability of emergency management,and preventing the large-scale occurrence of the diseases are still the key strategy of prevention and control.