基于经济社会环境和谐发展的旅游学科核心体系的思考

On the Core System of Tourism Science Based on the Harmonious Development of Economy and Society

旅游学科发展至今,国际和国内旅游学基础理论方面的研究都已取得一定的成果,但公认的学科核心体系尚未建立起来。目前的研究存在着明显的经济导向色彩,忽视了环境和社会方面的研究,其片面性已经在实践中得到了证实。旅游学科体系框架的构建需要将环境、社会问题纳入框架的核心。本文试图通过对现有理论的审视,基于经济社会环境的和谐发展,从发生学、系统观视角来讨论旅游学的核心,尝试建立旅游学科的框架体系。从发生学角度看,旅游的核心是旅游活动,其中,既包括旅游者活动,也包括旅游供给方的各项活动,可将其归纳为旅游经济系统、旅游环境系统和旅游社会系统。与此对应,以旅游活动为核心的旅游学科体系也应该以旅游经济学、旅游环境学和旅游社会学三者并重的方式进行探讨和研究,不仅应考虑旅游产生的各种经济现象、社会关系和环境影响,也应考虑把其作为社会大系统中的一个子系统研究对其他子系统的影响。

Some progress has been made in the field of basic theory both at home and abroad since the development of tourism science. However, universally acknowledged core system of this discipline has not been established yet. The present study is obviously economy-oriented and overlooks the study on environment and society, which has been proved lopsided by practice. It is imperative to include the issues of environment and society into the core of framework when we construct the system of tourism science. The paper tries to construct the framework system based on the harmonious development of economy, society and environment, discussing the core of tourism science from the perspective of systematic setup. The core of tourism is tourism activities, including activities by both tourists and tourism providers. They can be summarized as tourism economic system, tourism environmental system and tourism social system. Correspondingly, the system of tourism science should also be discussed and studied with the equal stress of the above three aspects. We should not only take into consideration various economic phenomena, social relations and environmental impact that bring forth tourism but also take it as a sub-system to study its impact on other sub-systems in the entire social system.