画眉科鸟类系统发育及分类地位商榷

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF BABBLERS(TIMALIIDAE)

原记录在中国有分布的鹛类计142种,占世界鹛类纪录种总数284种的50%。由于该类群的种类繁多,形态和生态习性多样,其分类问题历来受分类学者的关注,且争议较大。本文尝试以分子生物学手段来解决传统分类中遗留的问题。在系统发育分析中共有20属59种鹛类作为内群、14个相关物种作为外群,分子标记分别采用线粒体细胞色素b(Ctyb,846bp)和核内重组引导基因(RAG-1,870bp),以最大似然法和贝叶斯法重建系统发育树。结果表明,画眉科鸟类明显被分为2大支系,一支由噪鹛Garrulax、希鹛Minla、薮鹛Liocichla、相思鸟Leiothrix、奇鹛Heterophasia、穗鹛Stachyris、钩嘴鹛Pomatorhinus、凤鹛Yuhina、及部分雀鹛Alcippe等属的种类构成,另一支由鸦雀属Paradoxornis和山鹛Rhopophilus pekinensis、及部分雀鹛属的种类构成,2支都有相当高的支持率;各个属之间的相互关系大致得到解决,传统分类体系中噪鹛属、雀鹛属、鸦雀属、凤鹛属、穗鹛属的单系性不能成立;证实绣眼鸟属Zosteropidae、山鹛和林莺属Sylvia鸟类的亲缘关系较近,而白腹凤鹛Yuhina.zantholeuca、■鹛属Pteruthius和文须雀Panurus biarmicus与鹛类的亲缘关系较远;并提出小鳞胸鹪鹛Pnoepyga pusilla有可能不是画眉科种类,其分类地位需要重新认识。

Babblers comprise 284 species,half of which are distributed in China.Because of their diverse morphology and ecological habits,the systematics of babblers has been particularly difficult and remains many uncertainties.To clarify our understanding of these birds,phylogenetic relationships of babblers were constructed using DNA sequences of one mitochondrial gene（Cyt b）and one nuclear gene（RAG-1）.The results indicated that the Timaliidae consist of 2 disjunct lineages：Garrulax,Minla,Liocichla,Leiothrix, Heterophasia, Stachyris, Pomatorhinus, Yuhina, Zosterops and some species from Alppe formed one clade; Paradoxornis, Rhopophilus,Sylvia and other species from Alcippe formed the other clade. The monophyly of Garrulax, Alappe, Paradoxornis, Yuhina and Stado,ris were not supported in this study. Zosterops, Rhopophilus and Sylvia were proved belonging to Timaliidae, while Y. zantholeuca, Pteruthius and Panurus biarmicus did not belong to this group. We also found that Pnoepyga pusilla may not be a babbler species.