信阳市病毒性乙型肝炎疫苗接种效果调查

Investigation on the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in Xingyang,Henan

目的了解河南省信阳市浉河区病毒性乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗纳入规划免疫后出生的儿童血清学状况,评价乙肝疫苗(HepB)接种效果。方法按照抽样方案要求,随机调查267名1～14儿童,并采集其血清进行乙肝病毒(HBV)表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)检测,对HBsAg阳性者再进行乙肝病毒e抗原(HBeAg)和乙肝病毒e抗体(抗-HBe)的检测。结果信阳市浉河区1～14岁儿童HBsAg阳性率为2.25%,抗-HBs阳性率为89.14%,HBV感染率为28.84%,不同年龄组和性别差异均无统计学意义。结论信阳市浉河区通过14年HepB的接种,农村地区近90%的儿童产生了乙肝保护性抗体,可以有效阻断乙肝在儿童间的传播,但应提高新生儿HepB首针及时接种率,阻断母婴传播,降低乙肝感染率和流行率。

Objective To survey the hepatitis B serological status of children after hepatitis B vaccine was included in immunization program in Shihe district of Xinyang and evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccination. Methods According to the sampling plan, 267 children aged 1 - 14 years old were selected randomly and blood samples were taken from them to detect HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc, and for HBsAg positive children, HBeAg and anti-HBe were detected. Results The positive rate of HBsAg of the children in Shihe District was 2.25%, the positive rate of anti- HBs was 89.14%, and the HBV infection rate was 28.84%. The difference for different age and gender groups had statistical significance. Conclusion After the implementation of hepatitis B immunization for 14 years in shihe District of Xinyang, about 90% of children in rural area developed antibody to hepatitis B, which could block the transmission of hepatitis B among children. The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine should be administrated to the newborn timely to block the perinatal transmission and reduce hepatitis B infection rata and prevalence rate.