四川丘陵水旱轮作区保护性耕作对土壤水分和小麦产量的影响

Effect of conservational farming on soil water and wheat yield in rotation paddy-upland crop field of Sichuan hilly area

在四川丘陵区水旱轮作田进行了保护性耕作与传统耕作栽培模式的对比研究,对秸秆还田条件下的不同耕作模式对土壤水分及小麦产量的影响进行了探讨。试验结果表明,在小麦整个生育期,覆盖处理土壤水分含量均明显地高于不覆盖处理（对照）,且免耕覆盖处理又显著优于翻耕覆盖处理。小麦分蘖高峰期覆盖处理的土壤水分比不覆盖处理分别高4.9%-12.8%,对土壤有较好的保墒作用。覆盖处理的小麦最高茎蘖数比翻耕不覆盖增加11.4%-45.8%,由于增加了小麦成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,保护性耕作条件下覆盖处理比翻耕覆盖增产3.2%-18.1%,对提高小麦产量有明显的作用。

The influence of different farming patterns on soil moisture and wheat yield in rotation paddy-upland crop field of Siehuan hilly area was investigated by comparing conservational farming method of straw covering with traditional farming method of non-straw covering. The results showed that the straw covering farming method increased markedly soil water content compared with the traditional farming method （ok）, and the non-tillage straw covering farming method especially overmatched the tillage straw/non-straw covering farming method. During the peak tillering period, the soil water content of the field treated by straw covering is 4.9% to 12.8% higher than the field treated by non-straw covering, and the higher soil water content is propitious to the growth of wheat. The results also showed that the wheat tillering numbers in the straw covering farming increased by 11.4% to 45.8% compared with the tillage non-straw covering farming. Higher wheat yield was found in the conservational farming method of straw covering mainly due to increased numbers of tillers, seeds and weight of 1000-grain weight, the wheat yield was increased by 3.2% to 18.1% in the straw covering compared with the non-straw covering farming method. So conservational farming had remarkable effeet on wheat yield increase.