缩短腹部手术术前禁食禁饮时间可行性研究

The investigation of Shortening the Nil per Os (NOP) Time before the Operation of Abdomen

目的：研究缩短腹部择期手术术前禁食、禁饮时间的可行性。方法：将187例全麻下腹部择期或限期手术患者随机分成两组，对照组采用术前常规禁食12小时，禁饮4—6小时，实验组根据患者需要术前禁食6小时，术前2小时饮用水、果汁、茶或低脂饮料，比较两组患者术前低血糖的发生率，术前胃液量，术前患者口渴、饥饿程度，术中呕吐或误吸的发生率。结果：与对照组相比，实验组术前胃液量、术中呕吐、误吸的发生率差异无显著性（P〉0．05），而术前低血糖发生率，口渴、饥饿的程度与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：缩短术前禁食、禁饮时间并未增加患者术前胃液量、术中呕吐、误吸的发生率，因而是安全、可行的。同时可减轻因禁食、禁饮时间过长而造成的低血糖及口渴、饥饿等不适。增加患者对手术和麻醉的耐受性。

Objective： To investigate the feasibility of shortening the nil per os （NOP） time before the operation of abdomen. Methods ： Divide 187 patients into two groups randomly： fasting period of 4 ~6 hours for liquids and 12 hours for solids in control group, fasting period of 2 hours for liquids and 6 hours for solids in experimental group. Compare the incident rate of hypoglycemia, the volume of gastric juice, the level of hydrodipsia and starvation before operation; compare the incident rate of disgorging and aspiration during operation. Results： There＇s no significant difference in the volume of gastric juice before operation and the incident rate of disgorging and aspiration during operation （p〉0.05）; but there are significant differences in the incident rate of hypoglycemia and the level of hydrodipsia and starvation before operation （p〈0.05）. Conclusion： Shortening the NOP time before the operation of abdomen is not increase the volume of gastric juice before operation and the incident rate of disgorging and aspiration during operation, it＇s safety and feasibility. And it can extenuation the incident rate of hypoglycemia and the level of hydrodipsia and starvation for the long NOP time, subsequently increase the duration of anesthesia and operation.