土拉弗朗西斯菌检测研究进展

Research Progress on Francisella Tularensis Detection

土拉弗朗西斯菌(Francisella tularensis)是土拉菌病(Tularemia)的致病菌,是最具传染性的致病菌之一,在自然界中已发现一百种以上的动物感染此菌。因其传播途径多样,易扩散、毒性强而被美国疾病控制预防中心列入A类生物恐怖制剂。土拉菌病是一种人畜共患病,致死率高,及时、准确的检测土拉菌对于土拉菌病患者及时治疗和防止扩散具有重要的意义。土拉菌检测方法很多,如菌培养,微凝集实验、酶联免疫吸附、快速检测试纸条、生物传感器、PCR、核酸杂交检测、质谱分析、基因芯片等。但到目前为止还没有一种成熟的用于土拉菌检测方法,其主要原因在于土拉菌致病性强,且不易分离培养。本文综述了土拉菌细菌学、免疫学、分子生物学方法检测的最新研究进展。

Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is known to be one of the most infectious bacterial pathogens. Natural infections of Francisella tularensis have been found in more than 100 species in nature. Due to the various routes of transmission and dissemination and its high virulence, Francisella tularensis is considered as a category A bioterrorism agent by America Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Tularemia is a severe zoonotic disease with high fatality rate, so it is very important to develop a rapid detection method for this organism. Some detection ways for this pathogenic bacterium Francisella tularensis have been reoported, such as cultivation test, microagglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatographic assay, polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid hybridization, biosensor, mass spectrometry and gene chip. This article presented an overview of the latest research progress on Francisella tularensis detection from the arspects of bacteriological methods, immunology methods, molecular biology methods.