黑河中上游草原蝗虫生态分布与生境的关系

Relationship between ecological distribution of grasshoppers and their habitats in the middle and upper reaches of Heihe River

以黑河中上游天然草地为例,采用野外调查和定量分析方法,研究了不同草地蝗虫组成、生态种组分布及其与生境的相关关系.结果表明:黑河中上游天然草地的地形、气候条件和土壤、植被组成具有明显异质性;连续4年野外采集蝗虫38种,隶属于3科11属,32个多布种蝗虫在相关性系数0.50处,聚为8个生态种组.蝗虫具有极为广泛的生态适应性,同时草原区的生境决定着蝗虫的地理分布格局,研究区蝗虫主要分布在海拔2 000～3000 m的祁连山地.温度因子是蝗虫种属组成的促进因子,其他因子为抑制因子;温度与降水量是蝗虫密度的促进因子;极端最低温与蝗虫种属组成存在极显著关系,与蝗虫密度存在显著关系.

By using field investigation and quantitative analysis, we studied the correlation between grasshopper composition, ecological species groups and habitat in different grassland of the middle and upper reaches of Heihe River. The results indicate that terrain, climate condition, soil and vegetation composition had significant heterogeneity in the middle and upper reaches of Heihe River. A total of 38 grasshopper species belonging to 11 genera and 3 families were captured during continuous four years, 32 more area-distributed grasshopper species were classified as 8 ecological species groups when the correlation coefficient was 0.5. Grasshoppers have very widely ecological adaption, meanwhile grassland habitat determines the geographical distribution patterns of grasshoppers. Grasshoppers in the researched region are mainly distributed at the altitude range of 2-3 kilometers of Qilian Mountains. Temperature factors are promoting factors to grasshop- per species composition, while other factors are inhibitors. Temperature and precipitation are promoting factors to grasshopper density. The correlation between extreme minimum temperature and grasshopper species composition was very significant, and there existed a significant correlation with grasshopper density.