赣榆县2000～2007年肾综合征出血热流行特征与疫苗防病效果研究

Characteristics of the Epidemic of Hemorrhagic Fever of Renal Syndrome in Ganyu County from 2000 to 2007 and the Effectiveness of Vaccine

目的对2000～2007年赣榆县肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫情、宿主动物及自然人群抗体水平等监测资料进行分析,探讨HFRS流行因素及流行特征的变化。方法收集HFRS疫情资料,描述其流行特征,开展鼠密度、鼠带毒率、带病毒鼠指数及自然人群抗体水平监测。结果2000～2007年赣榆县HFRS疫情稳步下降,2007年发病率较2000年下降78.13%;秋冬峰病例占全年病例的67.6%,春峰仅占13.8%,春峰与秋冬峰之比为1:4.9;春季优势鼠种为小家鼠(密度为1.5%),秋季优势鼠种为黑线姬鼠(密度为1.8%),褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、小家鼠、句青均检测到带毒,春季褐家鼠、小家鼠带毒指数较高,分别0.0152、0.0068,秋季以黑线姬鼠、句青带毒指数较高,分别为0.0210、0.0083,宿主动物的种类、构成、带毒状况没有明显变化;自然人群平均抗体阳性率为14.5%,春、秋季抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义。结论赣榆县2000～2007年HFRS疫情虽大幅度下降,但在江苏省仍属高发地区,秋冬峰显著高于春峰,符合姬鼠型为主混合疫区。

Objective To investigate the Characteristics of the epidemic of HFRS in Ganyu County by analyzing the epidemic of HFRS and surveillance data on the animal hosts and the herd in Ganyu County from 2000 to 2007. Methods Data on the incidence rate was collected to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of HFRS. Data on the density of rats, proportion of rats with virus, index of rats with virus and the human in fection rate were collected. Results The incidence rate of HFRS reduced continuously in Ganyu County, with a 78. 13% reduction from 2000 to 2007. The autumn-winter peak made up to 67.9% of the incidence of the whole year,while the spring peak took only 13.8%. The ratio between the incidence rate of spring peak and autumn-winter peak was 1：3.7. The main host in spring was Mus musculus （ with a density of 1.5 % ）, while that in autumn was Apodemus agrarius （with a density of 1.8% ） . Hantavirus could be detected in Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus and shrew. The index of rat with virus in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus in spring were 0. 0152 and 0. 006, respectively higher than in other species,while in autumn it was higher in Apodemus agrarius and shrew,the index of which were 0. 0210 and 0. 0083. There were no significant changes in dominant species,proportion of host animals as well as the infection status in the 7 years. The positive rate of antibody against Hantavirus in the population was 14. 5%, and was of no significant difference in spring and autumn. Conclusion The incidence rate of HFRS in Ganyu reduced significantly from 2000 to 2007, but Ganyu is still a highly endemic area in Jiangsu. The autumn-winter peak is significantly higher than the spring peak, which indicates that Ganyu County is a mixed type HFRS endemic area with Apodemus agrarius as the dominant rat.