烟草微喷节水灌溉技术及应用效果

Techniques of Tobacco Micro-sprinkler Irrigation and Effectiveness of Application

阐述了烟草节水灌溉的意义、微喷灌溉的技术要点和特点。并在河南烟区，以不灌水和传统沟灌为对照进行多点微喷灌溉试验，研究了不同微喷灌水量对烟叶经济性状和水分生产率的影响，结果表明，微喷具有显著的节水、增产、增质效果，在烟草伸根和旺长期干旱条件下微喷2次，每次微喷24～36mm，可显著促进烟株生长，比不灌水增产43．0％～65．6％，增加产值70．7％～103．4％，比传统沟灌增产3．83％～9．53％，水分生产率增加15％～20％，灌水增产率提高200％以上，烟草微喷技术具有较大的推广利用价值。

The significance of tobacco water-saving irrigation and the technical aspects of tobacco micro-sprinkler irrigation were introduced in the paper. Multiple trials were set up in Henan to- bacco growing areas to investigate the effect of different micro-sprinkling amount on the economic characteristics and water production rate comparing with non-irrigation and traditional furrow ir- rigation. The results showed that micro-sprinkler irrigation had significant water-saving, yield and quality-increasing effects. On the drought conditions during root spreading and rapid growing stages, irrigated 2 times using micro-sprinkler with 24--36mm each time promoted plant growth, increased tobacco yield by 43.0%--65.6%, and increased production value by 70.7%--103.4%; the water production rate increased 15 %--20 % compared with traditional furrow irrigation, and the irrigation water increasing rate increased more than 200%. Micro-sprinkler irrigation has great potential for large scale application.