精神分裂症和抑郁症患者一级亲属注意功能研究

Study of attention function in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic and depressive patients

目的:探索精神分裂症、抑郁症患者一级亲属的注意功能特征。方法:对41例精神分裂症先证者的62例一级亲属、34例抑郁症先证者的55例一级亲属进行持续性操作测验(CPT)检测,并以54例精神正常者作为对照。结果:在反应时间分测验中,精神分裂症亲属组和抑郁症亲属组所有的CPT指标均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);大多数指标低于相应的患者组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。在X分测验中,针对靶刺激,上述两个亲属组的大多数CPT指标高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);部分指标低于相应的患者组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。精神分裂症或抑郁症患者的部分CPT指标分别与其一级亲属呈显著性正相关(P<0.05或P<0.001)。在针对靶刺激的8项指标中,抑郁症亲属组有4项指标低于精神分裂症亲属组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:精神分裂症和抑郁症患者的一级亲属都呈现出注意功能缺陷,但他们的CPT表现形式有所不同。从而提示,注意缺陷有可能是精神障碍的一项遗传易感因子,但他们并非精神分裂症所特有。

Objective： To explore the feature of attention function in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic or depressive patients. Method ：62 first-degree relatives of 41 schizophrenic probands and 55 first-degree relatives of 34 depressive probands were examined with continuous performance test （CPT） ,compared with 54 normal controls. Results：In reactive time, the scores of all items of CPT in the relative groups were significantly higher than those in normal controls （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01 ） ,and the scores of most of these items were lower than those in patient group （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. In subtask X, as for the target stimulations, the scores of most items of CPT in the relative groups were obviously higher than those in normal control group （ P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈0.01 ） ,while the scores of part of those items were lower than those in patient group （P 〈0. 05 or P 〈0.01 ）. Part of the items of CPT of patients in schizophrenic or depressive group were positively correlated with those in first degree relatives group respectively （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0. 001 ）. In the eight items of target stimula- tions, the scores of four items in depressive first relatives group were lower than those in schizophrenic first relatives group （ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Attention deficits are presented in first-degree relatives of schizophrenic or depressive patients. However,there are some differences in the manifestation in CPT which suggest that impaired attention may be a genetic factor for psychotic disorder,but not only for schizophrenia.