农业面源污染与农户经营行为研究——对湖北农户的实证调查与分析

Study on the Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution and Farm Household's Management Behavior:An Empirical Study and Analysis of Farmer Households in Hubei Province

控制农业面源污染对改善农村生态环境有着举足轻重的作用。本文以湖北省7县700户农户为样本,在界定农业面源污染和农户经营行为概念和指标体系基础上,采用典型相关方法分析农户经营行为对农业面源污染的影响,冀期寻找到在农户层面控制农业面源污染的有效途径。研究结果表明,化肥污染和秸秆污染与劳动力文化素质、粮食商品化率、肉猪商品化率和期末拥有农业生产性固定资产原值呈正相关,与粮经作物种植比例呈负相关关系;畜禽粪尿污染与肉猪商品化率呈正相关,与家庭经营耕地面积、期末拥有农业生产性固定资产原值和参加农业专业培训呈负相关;农用薄膜污染与非农劳动力就业比例、粮经作物种植比例、耕地面积以及参加农业专业培训均呈负相关。

To control agricultural non-point source pollution is decisively important to improve rural ecological environment. Taking the 700 farmer households from 7 cities of Hubei Province as the example, this paper defined the concepts of the agricultural non-point source pollution and farm household＇s management behavior, and then constructed the index systems. Using the canonical correlation method, the paper studied the effect of the farm household＇s management behavior to the agricultural non-point source pollution. So it is wished find an effective way to control agricultural non-point source pollution. The results are that firstly the pollutions induced by fertilizers or straws have the significant positive effects on the cultural quality of labor forces, commercial rate of grain, commercial rate of pig and original value of productive fixed assets of farm household at year-end, but have the negative effects on the growing proportion of grain and cash crop; Secondly, the excretions of livestocks and poultries have the positive effects on the commercial rate of pig, but have the negative effects on the arable land area, original value of productive fixed assets of rural household at year-end and participating in agricultural professional training; Lastly, the pollutions induced by agricultural plastic films have the negative effects on the non-agricultural employment ratio, growing proportion of grain and cash crop, arable land area and participating in agricultural professional training.