某中小型电子企业工作场所健康促进需求评估调查

Needs Assessment of Workplace Health Promotion in Small Scale Electronic Enterprise

目的了解某中小型电子企业职业卫生状况和员工的职业卫生与健康知识水平、行为情况及其影响因素,为对企业实施工作场所健康促进综合干预提供基础。方法采用整群抽样的方法,在某中小型电子企业中抽取2个班次的员工(包括生产工人和管理人员)共100人进行调查。用自制的需求评估问卷对调查对象进行面对面调查,问卷内容包括职业卫生相关知识知晓情况、行为生活习惯、McLean职业紧张调查表、Goldberg普通健康调查表和相关需求等。结果需求评估结果显示,调查对象中有13.0%未与企业签订劳动合同,14.0%未参加工伤保险,精神卫生异常率为26.0%。每天工作时间>8h的员工占38.0%,37.0%的员工不知道《职业病防治法》。分别有96.0%、94.0%的员工希望了解作业场所存在的职业病危害因素和希望获得个体职业病防护用品。结论该企业管理者的法律意识不强,员工职业卫生知识欠缺,职业卫生服务及相关知识需求较高;需要通过工作场所健康促进的综合性干预措施来改善作业环境,提高职业卫生管理水平,增强员工健康意识。

Objective To understand the status of occupational health,knowledge level of occupational health and general health,health behavior and influencing factors.,and provide the basis for implementing the multiple workplace health promotion interventions. Methods A total number of 100 workers and managers collected with group sampling were surveyed with needs assessment questionnaire. The content of the questionnaire contained the knowledge status of occupational health,health behavior,McLean’s work stress questionnaire,Goldberg general health questionnaire and health demands of the employees. Results The result of needs assessment showed that 13.0% of the subjects didn’t sign the labor contract with the enterprise,14.0% of them didn’t have industrial injury insurance,the incidence rate of mental health abnormality was 26.0%. 38.0% of the study objects’ working time were over 8 hours per day,37.0% of them didn’t know the law of the Peoples Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases. There were 96.0% of subjects who wanted to know the occupational hazards,and 94.0% preferred to be provided with personal protective equipments. Conclusion It is concluded that the managers in the enterprises have weak law consciousness,and the workers have strong demand for occupational health service and occupation knowledge despite of lack of occupation knowledge. A comprehensive workplace health promotion intervention program should be implemented to improve working environment,enhance the occupational management level in the enterprise,and improve workers’ health consciousness.