方言中“兀的”特殊用法例释

Exemplary Interpretations for the Special Usage of Wude in Dialects

"兀的"是一个比较古老的口语词。在元代北方话中,"兀的"功能和用法比较丰富,今晋语继承和发展了其功能和用法。今大多官话方言区的"兀的"功能萎缩,但山东费县方言的"兀的"比较特殊,其句末助词的功能用法代表了这一方言点的方言特征。尽管费县方言句末助词"兀的"的成因难以从历时的角度去发现轨迹,但仍可以对其进行语法化的解释。

Wude was a more ancient spoken word. In the northern dialect the function and the usage of the word Wude was very rich during Yuan dynasty. Yet Jin dialect inherits and develops its functions and uses. Most of the area of the Mandarin dialect, the features of the word ＂Wude＂ has shrunk, but the Feixian dialect in Shandong Province is rather special. The functional uses of auxilary words in sentence endings stand for the features of the dialect. Although the causes of the＂ Wude＂ in Feixian dialect is hard to find out, we can still give the grammatical explanation.