专利强制许可制度的合理性分析

Rationality Analysis of the Compulsory Patent Licensing System

专利强制许可制度可以实现专利制度的双重目标,既通过一定的利益回报维持专利权的激励作用,又能够实现公众有效地获取专利技术。实证研究表明,专利强制许可制度会对技术创新造成阻碍和损害的假设是不成立的。经济学的分析也表明,专利强制许可制度并不会削弱对技术创新的激励功能。各国的专利强制许可实践更表明强制许可措施可以有效地防止专利权的滥用,促进专利技术的转移和实施。

The compulsory patent licensing can not only prevent the patentee from impeding the technology transfer but also encourage the innovation for reasonable remuneration to the patentee. Some empirical researches show the hypothesis that compulsory licensing will harms innovation is not true. The economic analysis also shows that a legal monopoly and an automatic compulsory lieense are equivalent in order to fulfill the goal of promoting or rewarding innovation. The practices in UK, USA, Canada EU and Brazil and so on are powerful evidences to show the compulsory licensing is an effective measure to prevent the patent abuse.