杜仲对去势大鼠股骨与腰椎骨的显微和超微结构的影响研究

Effect of Eucommiae ulmoides on the Microstructural and Ultrastructural Structure of Femur and Lumbar Vertebrae in Ovariectomized Rats

目的:研究杜仲对去势大鼠股骨与腰椎骨的显微和超微结构的影响。方法:80只4月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分成4组,即假手术、模型、阿法骨化醇及杜仲组。除假手术组打开腹腔、暴露卵巢后即缝合外,其余3组均摘除双侧卵巢。大鼠手术10d后灌胃给药。3个月后解剖取股骨和第一腰椎骨,4%戊二醛固定,3d后浸入4%EDTA溶液中脱钙,4周后进行光镜和电镜观察。结果:光镜中去势大鼠的股骨和腰椎骨中大量充斥着脂肪,骨小梁密度显著下降,而阿法骨化醇和杜仲干预的骨组织中,脂肪显著减少,骨小梁密度和厚度上升。电镜观察结果表明,去势大鼠的股骨和腰椎骨中破骨细胞的粗面内质网、溶酶体和线粒体发达,部分成骨细胞萎缩,内质网等细胞器含量显著降低,部分细胞出现凋亡;而阿法骨化醇和杜仲干预的骨组织中,上述变化得到较大程度的纠正。结论:杜仲对去势大鼠所致的骨质疏松具有良好的干预作用,其机制主要体现在抑制脂肪合成和破骨细胞活力、提高成骨细胞活力、抑制细胞凋亡。

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effect of Eucommiae ulmoides on the microstructural and ultrastructural change of femur and /umber vertebrae in ovariectomized rats. METHODS： 80 4-month- old female SD rats were randomized to 4 groups： sham operation group, model group, alfacalcidol group, E. ulmoides group. In the sham operation group, the abdominal cavities of the rats were cut open to expose ovaries before being sutured. However, the rats in the other 3 groups were ovariectomized bilaterally. At 10 days after operation the rats were administered intragastrically with corresponding drug. After 3 months, femur and lumber vertebrae were dissected and fixed in 4% glutaral for 3 days, then decalcified in 4% EDTA for ＇t. weeks, and then the structure of femur and lumber vertebrae was observed under light microscope and transmission electron mieroscope（TEM） . RESULTS： Observed under light microscope, the femur and lumber vertebrae were full of fat in the o variectomized rats and in which the density of bone trabecula decreased significantly; however, in alfacalcidol treated rats and E. ulmoides -treated rats, the amount of fat decreased markedly while the density and thickness of bone trabecula increased. Observed under TEM, in the ovariectomized rats, rough endoplasmie reticulum（RER）, cytolysosome and mitochondrial were plentiful inside osteoclasts in femur and lumber vertebrae, partial osteoblasts atrophied, the amount of RER and other cellular organ decreased significantly and apoptosis appeared for partial cells; however, in alfacalcidol treated group and E. ulmoicdes -treated group, the above changes improved significantly. CONCLUSION： E.uhnoides has remarkable beneficial effect on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. The mechanism might be attributed to its inhibition on the synthesis of fat and the activity of osteoclasts, promotion on the activity of osteoblasts and inhibition on the apoptosis.