认知参照点模型与英汉语后指构式

The Cognitive Reference Point Model and Backwards Anaphora Construction in English and Chinese

后指构式是一种常见的照应现象,在英汉语中都有所表现。语料分析表明,典型的后指构式体现为:作为回指语的代词处在前置修饰语中,通常表现为物主代词;作为先行语的名词短语出现在主句的主语位置。英汉语后指构式遵循大致相同的认知原则,即代词与先行语之间存在不对称的认知突显关系,先行语具有更高的突显度,被识解为认知参照点,与其共指的代词处在其领地内。代词及其所在的前置修饰语行使语境化功能,充当语义背景,对先行语概念进行聚焦或前景化。

Backwards anaphora constructions are common both in English and Chinese. Data analyses show that typical backwards anaphora constructions display the following characteristics： the anaphoric pronoun, usually a possessor, is contained in a preposed modifier and the antecedent nominal functions as the subject of the main clause. Both English and Chinese backwards anaphora follow approximately the same cognitive principle, namely, the existence of a prominence asymmetry between the antecedent and the pronoun. The antecedent is the most prominent nominal being construed as the Cognitive Reference Point with the co-referential pronoun falling into its dominion. The pronoun and the preposed modifier where it appears serve the contextualizing function. That is, the pronoun and the preposed modifier are semantically backgrounded, thus making the antecedent conception focused or foregrounded.