农村土地承包经营权的深层探索

Probing into the Farmland Contractual Right in Rural China

研究目的:分析农村土地承包经营权的法理构造,提供完善建议。研究方法:规范分析法。研究结果:法律对农地承包经营权的构造存在很多理论悖谬以及与实践相冲突的问题,诸如土地承包经营权的主体资格、客体范围以及权利属性等方面都缺乏应有的理论支撑,特别是在当前农业组织创新的背景下,这些问题既影响法律的实施效力,不利于农村土地承包经营权功能的发挥,也阻碍了农业生产的发展。研究结论:确认以人为单位作为农地承包经营权的主体,扩大农地使用权范围,并有条件地允许农地承包经营权在农业人口与非农人口中流转。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal principle of rural farmland contractual right and bring forward recommendation for solving its imperfectness. Method of normative analysis is employed. The authors find that the current legal settings on rural farmland contractual right leads to some theoretical paradox and practical controversies, such as the ambiguity of the representatives of legal subject and object, as well as the attributes of property right itself. Especially, with the current bottom-up experiments in changing the structure of agricultural organization in rural areas, current contractual right system has become an obstacle on enforcing the Act and attenuated the actual performance, what＇s more, it could even draw the agriculture back. It is concluded that a clear statement should be included into the legal settings with appointing a person-based subject for the rural farmland contractual right, enlarging the scope of rural farmland contractual right, and providing the chance for the transfer of the rural farmland contractual right between agricultural and non-agricultural stakeholders.