灵长类酪氨酸酶基因外显子1序列进化研究

Molecular Evolution of Exon 1 of Tyrosinase Gene in Primates

酪氨酸酶是黑色素合成当中的关键酶，酪氨酸酶基因的突变将导致白化病．测定了黑猩猩（Pantroglodytes）、倭黑猩猩（Panpaniscus）、大猩猩（Gorillagorilla）、猩猩（Pongopygmaeus）、长臂猿（Hylobateslar）、食蟹猴（Macacafascicularis）、猕猴（Macacamulatta）、白臀叶猴（Pygathrixnemaeus）和滇金丝猴（Rhinopithecusr．bieti）9个灵长类中代表物种的酪氨酸酶基因外显子1的DNA序列．用UPGMA法构建了分子系统树．结果表明，人猿超科各物种和猴类各物种分为两枝，滇金丝猴和白臀叶猴这一枝和食蟹猴和猕猴这一枝组成单系群．酪氨酸酶基因在解决灵长类系统发育关系上是一个有用的基因．

Tyrosinase is the essential enzyme in melanogenesis. The mutation of tyrosinase gene causes albimism. The exon 1 of tyrosinase gene were sequenced for chimpanzee, pygmy chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon, rhesus monkey, crab-eating monkey, Done langur,and yunnan golden monkey. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the sequence data and UPGMA method. The results show that the sequences of exon 1 of tyrosinase gene can be clustered into two clades corresponding to Hominoid and monkeys. In the monkey clade,Yunnan golden monkey and DOne langur is clustered into monophyletic group. Rhesus monkey and crabeating monkey are clustered into another monophletic group. Our results suggest that the tyrosinase gene is a suitable marker for resolving the phylogeny of primates.