不同抗倒能力玉米品种物质生产与分配及产量性状研究

Study on Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution and Yield Traits of Maize Varieties Differ in Lodging Resistant Ability

2005～2006年以4个不同耐密性品种为材料,研究玉米不同抗倒能力对光合物质生产及其产量的影响。结果表明,当稀植(52500株/hm2)条件下,大穗品种京科518和京科519的丰产优势明显,叶面积指数、群体光合势、单株干重和群体干物质积累量均较高,其产量显著高于耐密品种登海3719;当群体密度大于75000株/hm2以上时,发生倒伏,两品种绿叶面积和光合性能下降,群体干物质积累减少,有效收获穗数显著降低,产量明显下降。从玉米抽雄前到生理成熟期,根系干重所占比例越高,植株抗倒伏能力越强;玉米抽雄前单株干重和根干重所占比例与倒伏率呈显著负相关,相关系数分别达-0.5405*和-0.5302*。田间倒伏对产量有较大影响,选用在吐丝前根系发达、干物质积累多的玉米品种抗倒能力强,是实现在大群体条件下创高产的保障。

From 2005 to 2006, 4 different density-tolerance varieties were used to research the effects of maize lodging resistance ability on the photosynthetic production and yield. The result indicated that single plant production superiority of JingkeS18 and Jingke519 were more obviously than Denghai3719 under lower maize planting density. Its LAI, LAD, NAR and dry matter accumulation of population were highly, its harvest yield were higher than Denghai3719 significantly. Above 75 000 plants/ha planting density, because of lodging, the green leaf area and photosynthetic products of two varieties were decreased, the effective ear number and yield declined significantly finally. Root dry weight had the higher proportion, and the lodging ability of plant was stronger during pre-tasselling stage to physiological maturing stage. The dry weight of single plant and root distribute ratio were negatively correlated with field lodging percentage at pre-tasselling stage, correlated index were -0.540 5＊and -0.530 2＊ respectively. Field lodging on yield had a greater effect. Selected developed root system in the pre-silking and dry matter accumulated too much of maize varieties had a strong lodging resistance, was the protection of realizing a higher yield in large groups.