玉米高产田的产量结构模式及关键因素分析

Analysis on Yield Structural Model and Key Factors of Maize High-yield Plots

2008年全国单产15000kg/hm2以上的玉米高产田共41块。与往年相比,2008年玉米高产田呈现出新的特点:数量增加、面积扩大;多数集中分布于内蒙古高原和黄土高原;高产田在高温寡照的四川省首次出现。41块玉米高产田的产量结构模式为88110穗/hm2、穗粒数530粒、千粒重368.3g、穗粒重191.4g。高产田的产量取决于穗粒数和穗粒重,而增加穗粒数是提高穗粒重的关键。光温条件、品种和密度是决定玉米高产的关键因素。

A total of 41 maize high-yield plots exceeded the yield level of 15 000 kg/ha, and three new highlights presented in 2008. First, the number and area increased remarkably. Second, most high-yield plots distributed in Inner Mongolian and Loess Plateaus. Third, maize high-yield plot appeared for the first time in Sichuan province which is characterized by higher temperature and less sunlight radiation. The yield structural model of 41 maize high-yield plots was 88 110 ears/ha, 530 kernels per ear, the 1000-kernel weight and the grain weight per ear were 368.3 g and 191.4 g, respectively. The yield level mainly determined on the kernel number and grain weight per ear, and increasing the kernel number was the key to enhance the grain weight per ear. The light and temperature condition, cuhivar and planting density were yield determinant factors in maize production.