冬小麦节水高产栽培三要素吸收积累与分配规律的研究

STUDIES ON N P K ABSORPTION,ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION IN WINTER WHEAT PLANTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF WATER SAVING AND HIGH YIELD CULTIVATION

本文在培肥地力、节水高产栽培条件下，定点重复试验３年，研究了不同品种冬小麦吸收积累三要素的动态规律及其最终的详细分配。结果表明：每生产１００ｋｇ籽粒需吸收Ｎ、Ｐ２Ｏ５和Ｋ２Ｏ的量，高效型品种分别为２．８１５ｋｇ、１．０６７ｋｇ、２．８０４ｋｇ，三者比例为２．６４∶１∶２．６３，低效型品种分别为３．５３６ｋｇ、１．５２１ｋｇ和３．４６４ｋｇ，三者比例为２．３２∶１∶２．２８。Ｎ和Ｋ２Ｏ的吸收强度高峰值出现在拔节至挑旗阶段，分别达到２１１．７５ｇ／亩·日和２３３．０６ｇ／亩·日，但积累最高值在起身至拔节阶段，分别占总积累量的２９．００％和３０．８９％；而Ｐ２Ｏ５吸收强度高峰值８９．１０ｇ／亩·日，则出现在挑旗至开花阶段，但积累最高值为拔节至挑旗阶段，占总积累量的２２．８８％。至开花时，三要素积累分别占总积累量的８３．０５％、６９．４７％和８８．１５％。三要素最终分配到籽粒、茎杆、叶片和叶鞘中的比率：氮依次为７４．０１％、７．５７％、８．８２％和５．２１％；磷依次为８２．７０％、３．７０％、５．９５％和２．７５％；钾依次为１６．２２％、４３．４１％、１０．７９％和２０．３３％。

The experiment had been conducted for three years in succession at the fixed locations under the condition of the fertile soil,water saving and high yield.Several winter wheat cultivars were rsed for investigating the absorption,accumulation and distribution of N.P.K. in wheat plant.It was found that the amount of nutrients absorbed by plants per 100kg grain was 2.815kg N,1.067kg P 2O 5and 2.804kg K 2O,and the ratio of N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O was 2.64∶1∶2.63 for the cultivar type of high utilization efficiency.Meanwhile,3.536kg N,1.521kg P 2O 5 and 3.464kg K 2O,whose ratio was 2.32∶1∶ 2.28 ,were needed per 100kg grain by the wheat plant of the cultivar type of low utilization efficiency,The maximum absorption rate of N and K 2O were 211.75g·mu -1 ·day -1 and 233.06g·mu -1 ·day -1 respectively in the periods of jointing to booting.The phasic accumulation of N and K 2O reached the peak in the periods of getting up to jointing,with 29.00% and 30.89% of the total accumulation respectively.As for P 2O 5,the maximum absorption rate,89.10g·mu -1 ·day -1 ,occurred in the periods of booting to flowering and the maximum phasic accumulation,22.88% of the total accumulation,took place in the periods of jointing to booting.At flowering,the accumulation of N, P 2O 5 and K 2O accounted for 83.05%,69.47%and 88.15% of the total accumulation respectively.At maturity the percentage of N distributed in grain,stem,leaf blade and sheath was 74.01%,7.57%,8.82%and 5.21%;the percentage of P 2O 5 distributed in the parts mentioned above was 82.70%,3.70%,5.95% and 2.75%;and the percentage of K 2O in the corresponding parts was 16.22%,43.41%,10.79% and 20.33% respectively.