中国炼油企业节能降耗——从装置到全局能量系统优化

ENERGY CONSERVATION OF CHINA'S REFINERY——FROM FOCUS ON UNITS TO TOTAL SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION

中国炼油企业在当前规模扩展、产品升级、节能压力加大、能源／设备比价攀升的挑战和机遇下，正开展新一轮节能改造。基于“三环节”能量系统优化理论和几个企业节能规划工作实践，笔者提出了新一轮炼油节能应从单个装置走向全局能量系统优化的指导思想。要点是：以装置间热出料为切入点，带动上、下游装置深入开展能量综合优化和热联合；多余的低温热在大系统范围内通过循环热媒水优化用于包括低温装置和工艺优化后的储运和水处理等系统；结合烃类资源优化利用和一次能源的重选，开展蒸汽动力系统的优化运营和改造；滚动制订包括新、扩建装置在内的3～5年的全面节能规划，分步实施。

Under the challenge and opportunity of scope enlargement, products quality upgrading, enhancing of energy/equipment price ratio, and energy saving pressure, China＇s refineries are launching a new turn energy saving retrofit. Based on the ＂Three-Link-Theory＂ of energy system as well as the energy-planning practice of many refineries, this paper advanced a guideline for new turn retrofit： From focus on units towards total energy system optimization. The highlights are as follows： Taking hot feedstock from upriver unit to downriver unit as the initial measure, push forward the energy optimization of both upriver and downriver units in depth and towards thermal integration; Assembling the spare low grade heat by media water, gradually use it in low temperature units, optimized inventory and water treatment system etc. within total refinery scope; Optimize the operation and retrofit design of steam-power system, joining with re-option of preliminary energy resource and optimal utilization of hydrocarbon/hydrogen; Ineratilely make the 3-5 year total sustem energy saving plan and implement it step by step.