司马金龙墓出土木板漆画屏风残片的初步分析

Preliminary spectroscopic analyses of the woodbased lacquer painting screen fragments from tomb of S Jin

为了解山西大同北魏司马金龙墓出土木板漆画屏风的颜料使用情况和制作工艺信息,利用M icro-Ram an、FTIR、XRF、断面切片等技术,对屏风残片上的四种主要颜色(红,黑,黄,白)、红色漆底层、断面分层进行分析与鉴别,结果如下:(1)屏风所使用的颜料有朱砂、炭黑、雌黄、雄黄、石膏。(2)屏风的红色底层系由生漆与朱砂调和、结膜而成,其中可能未曾添加桐油。(3)屏风彩绘部分的颜料分层十分明确,各层的厚度相对均匀,反映出制作者较为高超的绘画技法。(4)在颜料层、木胎与红色漆底层之间的"过渡层"中,分别观察到一些白色物质。初步分析后认为,"过渡层"中白色物质为羟基磷灰石的可能性较大。颜料层中白色物质的成分和物相仍有待进一步的分析。

To obtain information on pigment usage and the technology of constructing the wood - based lacquer screens from the Tomb of SIMA Jin - long（dated Northern Wei Dynasty, of Datong city, Shanxi province） , Micro - Raman, FTIR, WDXRF,and cross- sectional observation were used to characterize and identify the four major pigments（ red, black, yellow, and white） , the reddish grounding substances, and the decoration. The results showed ： （ 1 ） the major pigments are identified as cinnabar, carbon black, orpiment, realgar, and gypsum; （2） the reddish grounding substance was shown to be a mixture of Chinese lacquer and cinnabar as the colorant ; further FTIR analyses of the reddish grounding substance revealed no evidence of Chinese wood oil;（3）the painting was found to have of one or more distinct pigment layers with consistent thickness;the tiny differences among the thickness indicated a superb painting skill; （4）some white substance was noticed in both the pigment layers and in the transition region to varying degrees. XRF analysis showed that the major constituents of the white substance in the transition region are calcium and phosphorus. Based on the work of other scholars, the source of the white substance is probably hydroxyapatite. The chemical composition and mineral phases of the white particles found in the pigment layers still await identification.