油画修复中两类常见问题的探讨

Discussion of two common problems of oil painting restoration

保护性修复和商业性修复是油画修复实践中两种不同的操作方法。目前国际上通行的油画修复方法有一整套科学规范的技术程序,需要对颜料层、画布以及依托进行全面彻底的加固、修复和保护。这种整体性的修复方法被称之为保护性修复。而商业性修复只是一种临时性的修复措施,不能从根本上消除油画损坏的原因。"修旧如旧"和"修旧如新"两者的共同点都是强调历史的真实,只不过"修旧如旧"强调的是保持当前历史的真实。而"修旧如新"强调的是还原当年历史的真实。因此,在修复的实际操作中,不能片面的认为一定是"修旧如旧"对或是"修旧如新"对,对于某一类或者某一件文物和艺术品来说,究竟是"修旧如旧"还是"修旧如新",要根据社会的总体审美评价和所处环境的具体要求来决定。油画艺术是色彩的艺术,从社会的总体审美评价来说,油画作品的修复应当"修旧如新"。

Protective restoration and commercial restoration represent two different approaches to restore oil paintings. At present, the general, international approach to the oil painting restoration may involve many scientific and standard technical procedures. The paint layer,the canvas and the supports need to be reinforced,restored and conserved thoroughly and comprehensively. This integrated type of restoration method is called ＂Protective restoration＂. On the other hand, commercial restoration is only a temporary form of restoration,which cannot thoroughly eliminate the underlying causes of damage in the oil painting. The principles of ＂Restoring the old as the old＂ and ＂Restoring the old as the new＂ have the common goal of emphasizing historical truth. But ＂Restoring the old as the old＂ emphasizes the true history at present whereas ＂Restoring the old as the new＂ emphasizes the return to the true history in the past. Therefore, during restoration, it is not simply to declare that which one is absolutely right. When confronted with a specific cultural relic or art work, whether to ＂Restoring the old as the old＂, or ＂Restoring the old as the new＂ must be chosen according to the society＇s overall aesthetic evaluation and the specific environment. Oil painting is art of colors. From a general societal point of view old oil paintings should be restored as new.