民勤地区沙尘暴近地面风速特征及其与环境因子的关系

The wind speed characteristics of near-surface vertical gradient of 50m in sandstorm process in 2006

作为沙尘暴发生必不可少的动力条件,风是判定沙尘暴强度的主要指标,也是沙尘暴预测预报的依据。虽然人类对风的认识很早、研究很多,但是对沙尘暴过程中的风速特征仍然在不断的探索中。文中研究了民勤荒漠区、绿洲边缘和绿洲内部三种下垫面近地面50m沙尘暴风速特征及其与环境因子的关系。主要研究结果是:1)在三种不同的下垫面条件下,沙尘暴风速在近地面50m范围内风速均随高度遵循幂函数关系递增。2)从荒漠区到绿洲边缘近地表0-50m内风速平均削减4.11%,再从绿洲边缘到达绿洲内部风速平均削减30.45%。风穿越研究断面,随高度增加风速削减率逐渐减小。3)不同季节,沙尘暴平均风速没有明显差异,但地表粗糙度越小沙尘暴平均风速的季节性差异越大,高度越高季节差异越大。4)绿洲内部地表粗糙度为2.121 cm,绿洲边缘为0.082 cm,荒漠区为0.023 cm。5)根据每次沙尘暴过程中30m in平均风速随时间的振荡曲线的轮廓可将沙尘暴归纳为三类,分别为单峰型、双峰型和多峰型。这三种不同类型的沙尘暴在大气环流背景、沙尘暴的发生时间、沙尘暴过程中风速的时空变化等均有明显的不同。在一次沙尘暴过程中,从垂直梯度看,随着高度的增加风速随时间曲线的振幅增大,而振荡频率降低;从水平梯度看,沙尘暴流场从荒漠区经绿洲边缘到达绿洲内部,风速曲线振幅逐渐减小,振荡频率逐渐增加。

Using the instantaneous wind speed date which obtained by near- surface sandstorm observing systems in Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem, the wind speed characteristics of near - surface vertical gradient of 50m in different ground surface in sandstorm process was analyzed. In three different ground surface conditions, during sandstorm process in the same height, the wind speed was the biggest in summer and the smallest in winter. The wind speed variation with the change of height was the biggest in summer and the smallest in spring, and in the same season that in oasis was bigger than at the edge of oasis and desert. Rroughness was the biggest in summer and the smallest in spring, the biggest in oasis and the smallest in desert. During the sandstorm process, amplitude of wind speed increasded with height, and in the same height, amplitude of wind speed in desert was bigger than in oasis.