鸡实验性尿酸盐沉积症的肾脏病理学研究

Renal Pathology of the Experimental Uric Acid Salt Deposit in Chickens

将１２０只３５日龄迪卡商品代蛋用雏鸡随机分为高钙组、高蛋白组和对照组，分别饲喂高钙（含钙３．９％）、高蛋白（含粗蛋白４４．０％）和全价（含钙０．８％，粗蛋白１８．２％）饲料。试验第２５天，各组剖检５只鸡，作肾脏的光镜和电镜观察。结果表明，高钙、高蛋白饲料均能引发尿酸盐沉积。高钙组鸡肾脏肿大，表面及切面有大量尿酸盐结晶；输尿管扩张，管内充满白色尿酸盐沉积物。光镜观察，肾小球肿胀，近曲及远曲小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性。电镜观察，近曲小管上皮绒毛短缩、肿胀、断裂、脱落，线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂；远曲小管线粒体肿胀，呈现空泡，核呈锯齿型。高蛋白组眼观病变不明显，肾脏的光镜、电镜病变与高钙组相似，但损伤程度较轻。作者认为，高钙、高蛋白所致肾脏损害是鸡尿酸盐沉积症的重要原因。

One hundred and twenty chickens of 35 day old were divided into high calcium, high protein and control groups at random. They were fed high calcium (Ca: 3.9%), high protein (C.P: 44.0%) and basic diet (Ca: 0.8%, C.P: 18.2%) respectively. 5 chickens in each group were dissected, and kidney sampled and observed by optical microscope and electronmicroscope. In high calcium group chickens, the kidneys appeared edema. There were a lot of uric acid salt deposits on the renal surface and section. The ureter expanded and the white uric acid salt deposits fulled in it. Microscopical examination showed that the glomeruli were swollen, the epithelial cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules swollen and degenerated. Electronmicroscopical observation found that the epitheliochor of the proximal convoluted tubules were shorten, swollen and broken. The epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules revealed an expanded mitochondrion with a nember of vacuoles and the serrated nucleus. Results showed that the uric acid salt deposit in chickens could be caused by both high calcium and high protein diet and the resultant renal damage.