强制性变迁与自发变迁相结合:清末中国城市管理体制变迁分析——以上海、北京为中心的考察

Combination of Compulsory Vicissitudes and Spontaneous Vicissitudes:Analysis on the City Management System Vicissitude in the Late Qing Dynasty of China——Study on Taking Shanghai,Beijing as Centers

中国古代实施城乡合一的管理体制,没有设立专门的城市管理政府。到了清末,这样一种城市管理体制开始发生改变,在警政创办和地方自治运动过程中,新型的城市政府的雏形开始建立。清末城市管理体制的变迁主要是国家推动的结果,但也是社会自发变迁的结果,是强制性变迁与自发变迁的结合。

China implemented the management system which the city and countryside united, did not set up the special city management government in ancient times. By the end of Qing Dynasty, this kind of city management system started to change, in the process of the police establishment and the local self-government movement, the embryonic form of the new city government began to establish. The city management system＇ s vicissi- tudes was mainly the result of the national impetus in the late Qing Dynasty, but was also the result of the social spontaneous vicissitudes as well, which was the result of the combination of the compulsory vicissitudes and the spontaneous vicissitude.