新公共管理与新公共服务——理论概述与比较研究

The Theory Introduction and Comparison between New Public Management and New Public Service

20世纪80年代以后,西方各国由于受经济"滞胀"的冲击,主张政府干预的凯恩斯主义失灵,政府陷人失败境地。于是出现了大规模的政府再造运动,对以官僚制为基础的传统行政模式进行批判,主张用私营部门的管理思想、方法和技术改造公共部门,被称为"新公共管理"。对"新公共管理"运动缺陷与不足理性思考后,丹哈特等提出了新公共服务理论,但这并不是对前者全盘否定,而是有意义的补充和完善。只有辩证地看待和运用新公共管理和新公共服务理论,在继承中创新和发展,才能取得政府管理的新成果。

Owing to the attack of economic stagfiation in western countries after 1980s, the Keynesianism, which advocated government intervention, was out of order, and therefore the governments were in a losing situation and there emerged a large scale of campaign that reconstructed the governments. This campaign, known as ＂new public management＂, criticized the traditional bureaucracy - based administrativc pattern, and advocated to reform public departments in accordance with the ideology, method and technique used in privately - run departments. In allusion to the disadvantages of ＂new public management＂, Denhart put forward a theory of ＂new public service＂, which is by no means a overall object to the former but a significant modification and perfection to it. Only by dialectically viewing and applying these two theories mentioned above and innovating and developing them while inheriting can we obtain new achievements in government management.