北京地区人群对多环芳烃的暴露及健康风险评价

Population Exposure to PAHs and the Health Risk Assessment in Beijing Area

我国北方地区多环芳烃(PAHs)污染严重,为了定量研究PAHs对人群的健康风险,以北京地区人群为研究对象,以美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)的多途径-多介质暴露模型为框架,计算各年龄亚群通过14种暴露途径对PAHs的暴露量。结果表明,儿童、青少年和成人对15种PAH化合物(PAH15)的日均暴露量分别为1.83、1.44、1.20μg·kg-1·d-1。暴露途径中食物暴露为主导(占88.7%),其次是呼吸暴露(6.3%)和皮肤暴露(4.9%)。终身暴露量的81%来自成人阶段。3环、4环、5环和6环化合物对总暴露谱的贡献依次减少。不确定分析结果表明,至少50%人群对PAH15暴露量在2～4μg·kg-·1d-1范围内,暴露量极高和极低的人均很少。健康风险评价结果表明,北京人群由于PAHs暴露引起的平均致癌风险为3.1×10-5a-1,根据动态预期寿命损失方法来估算健康风险,北京地区人群由于PAH15终生暴露所导致的预期寿命损失为193min。PAHs对北京人群健康的影响不容忽略。

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（ PAHs ） caused serious environmental pollution in northern China. In order to evaluate the health risk of PAHs to people exposed, a multimedia/muhipathway exposure model made by USEPA was employed to evaluate the population exposure of three age groups to PAHs in Beijing area. The results presented that the CDI （chronic daily intake ） of children, adolescents and adults to the 15 PAH compounds （PAH 15 ） exposure were 1.83, 1.44, 1.20 μg·kg^-1·d^-1, respectively. Food exposure was the leading pathway （accounting for 88.7% ）, followed by respiratory（6.3% ） and the dermal contact（4.9% ）. 81% of the amounts of exposure were from the adult stage in life long exposure. The contribution percentages of 3 -6 ring compounds to the total exposure were reduced by order. The results of uncertainty analysis showed that, to at least 50% population, the CDI of PAH 15 exposure were between 2 and 4 μg·kg^-1·d^-1, but few with extremely high and low value. To the Beijing population, the average cancer risk of life long exposure to PAH 15 was 3.1 ×10^-5 a^-1 and the loss of life expectancy was 193 minutes. The health risk of PAHs to the area can not be ignored.