流域水沙资源配置的调控技术与措施

Regulation and control techniques and measures for allocation of water and sediment resources within river basin

依据流域产流产沙特点、水土流失治理措施、河道输水输沙规律、河道防洪整治和泥沙利用的经验,系统分析了流域水沙配置的调控技术,包括水力调控技术、机械配置技术、工程配置技术与生态配置技术等。通过研究水力调控技术的机理,阐述了河道调水调沙、水库水力清淤等技术的特点;机械挖泥配置技术主要涉及机械挖泥疏浚和淤临淤背技术;在水沙资源配置过程中,工程配置技术发挥了重要作用,工程配置技术包括流域水土保持工程、淤地坝技术、水库拦沙技术和跨流域调水等;生态配置技术是指通过种植植物提高流域植被度达到水沙配置的目的,主要包括水土保持林与防护林带体系、防风固沙和农田防护林、植被恢复技术等,生态配置技术有利于流域生态保护。

Based on the characteristics of runoff and sediment, the control measures of water and soil erosion, the rule of channel runoff and sediment transport, experiences from channel flood control and sediment utilization within river basin, the regulation and control techniques for allocation of water and sediment resources are systematically analyzed, which contains hydraulic regulation and control techniques, mechanical disposition techniques, engineering configuration measures and ecological disposition techniques. Through the study on the mechanism of the hydraulic allocation technique, the characteristics of techniques such as channel water and sediment regulation, hydraulic desihation of reservoir, etc. are expatiated. The mechanical dredging technique is mainly related to the techniques of mechanical dredging and warping. The engineering configuration measures （ including soil and water conservation, warping dam technique, sediment retaining of reservoir, inter-basin water transfer, etc. ） play important roles during the allocation of water and sediment resources. The ecological disposition techniques are favourable to the ecological protection of river basin, mainly consist of afforestation for soil and water conservation and protection forest zone system, sand-fixation forest and farmland shelter forest, vegetation restoration, etc.