民国时期安徽淮河流域的自然灾害及灾害救助

Natural Disasters and Disaster Relief in Huaihe River Basin in Anhui in the Period of the Republic of China

淮河流域地处我国南北地理、气候过渡地带,气候变化复杂,灾害性天气出现的频率极高;同时受黄河长期夺淮的影响,历史上就是我国自然灾害最频繁的地区。民国时期,在淮河流域安徽段发生的各类自然灾害中,水、旱灾害发生频率高、波及范围广;颖上、怀远、寿县、灵璧、凤台5个县受灾频率最高;地震灾害主要集中在霍山县。自然灾害不仅毁坏人们赖以生存的生活环境,扰乱了正常的社会秩序,而且严重冲击农业经济。面对惨烈的自然灾害,国民政府与民间社会采取了各种抗救措施,这些措施虽然于巨灾无大补。

Huaihe River bain is in the south-north transitional zone of geography and climate in China. With frequent disastrous climates and invasion of Huanghe River, Huaihe River basin is historically an area prone to natural adisasters. In the period of the Republic of China the highest frequent and widest spread natural disasters in Anhui section of Huaihe River basin were floods and droughts~ Yingshang, Huaiyuan, Shouxian, Lingbi and Fengtai were the areas of the most serious disasters. Earthquakes mainly occurred in Huoshan. Natural disasters not only destroyed living environment and disturb social orders, but also seriously impacted agricultural economy Facing with the serious natural disasters, various relieving measures, which played a role in relief to certain extents, were taken by Kuomindang Government and non-governmental society.