木质纤维素基高分子材料的研究进展

Progress in Lignocellulose-Based Polymer Materials

木质纤维素现已成为制备高分子材料的重要原料。木质纤维素可以用作高分子复合材料中的增强剂或填料;木质纤维素经液化进行适度降解,再与其它物质进一步反应,可以制备聚氨酯、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂等高分子材料;经过适当的化学处理制备纺丝液,利用熔融纺丝技术纺丝再通过炭化处理可以制得炭纤维;浸渍热固性树脂后,在隔绝空气的条件下,高温炭化可以制得木质陶瓷;经组分分离和双亲改性后,使用化学交联剂交联可以制备水凝胶。

The conversion of lignocellulose into polymer materials has attracted considerable attention in the effective utilization of biomass in recent years. Lignocellulosic composites can be prepared by using lignocellulose as reinforcing agents or as fillers in polymer composites. Liquefied lignocellulose can be used for preparing polymer materials, e.g. , phenolic formaldehyde resin, epoxy resin, and polyurethane. Carbon materials can be produced by carbonizing lignocellulose impregnated with phenolic resin or the filaments derived from lignocellulose; hydrogels can be prepared from amphiphilic lignocellulose derivatives by crosslinking with organic crosslinking agent.