书院、王学与宗族社会——以明清安福县识仁书院为中心

College, Wang’s Theory and Lineage Society: ShiRen(识仁) College of Anfu County in the Ming and Qing Dynasties as the center

明代中叶,在王阳明学说的带动下,各地兴建了大量的书院,使学术广为流播,成为地方显学。安福县作为江右王门学派的重要阵地之一,此一时期讲学活动十分活跃。位于安福县西乡的识仁书院,由刘元卿倡建。该书院最大的特点是与乡族社会有紧密联系。它的兴建端赖于当地各大宗族的积极参与。书院并不以学术见长,其宗旨主要是围绕着"化民导俗"、整合乡族秩序而展开。此外,识仁书院虽名为书院,但其对地方社会的意义并不仅在于其"学",各大族捐的田产能以书院的名义而免役,是其得以维继的根本;书院的祭祀系统则不仅加强了各族的认同感,并且进一步整合了乡族的力量。清代以后,识仁书院多次重建,然而书院也基本上由原来的学术教育组织,而完全演变为乡族社会组织。

In the mid-Ming Dynasty, led by Wang Yang-ming＇s theory, the local community built a large number of college, so that academic streaming widely became the most important academic areas. Anfu County,as one of the heavy rain of JiangYou, constructed a large number of colleges and lectures wereactive. ShiRen College of Anfu is located in Xixiang County, built by the advocate of Liu Yuan-Qing （刘元卿）. The characteristics of ShiRen College are closely linked with the clans. It relies on the active participation of all major clans. ShiRen College is not good in academic, but around improving the customs, as well as the integration carried out by the local order. The estate tax burden can be exempted, this is the fundamental of College. College sacrificial system not only strengthened the identity of all ethnic groups, and further integrated the power of the clan. After the Qing Dynasty, the college from the academic educational organization evolved into the clan society organizations.