滇西北鼠疫自然疫源地大绒鼠体表寄生虫研究(英文)

Ectoparasites of Eothenomys miletus in the Focus of Plague in Northwest Yunnan

大绒鼠是中国滇西北鼠疫疫源地的主要储存宿主,它也是横断山脉地区小型哺乳动物的典型代表。用U检验和相关分析的统计方法对2003～2004年云南洱海(中国滇西北著名的淡水湖泊)周边916只大绒鼠体表寄生虫进行了调查。调查点位于我国十一大鼠疫自然疫源地之一,此地也是我国恙虫病和流行性出血热的流行地区。在此,将大绒鼠的体表寄生虫群落和体表寄生虫医学和兽医学的重要性进行了描述。有756只大绒鼠寄生有体表寄生虫,侵染率为83%。采集到的体表寄生虫有86种,包括51种恙螨,23种革螨,7种蚤和5种吸虱。其中17种以前已经被证明是人类疾病的主要媒介。因此大绒鼠很可能成为鼠疫、恙虫病和流行性出血热等病原体的贮存宿主。

Eothenomys miletus （Thomas, 1914） has been identified as the main wild reservoir of plague in the sylvatic plague focus of Yunnan Province, southwest China. It is also a typical species inhabiting the Hengduan mountains region of Yunnan Province. Ecoparasites on 916 individuals of E. miletus were studied in the surrounding areas of Erhai Lake （ a famous fresh water lake in Southwestern China） in Yunnan, China from 2003 to 2004 by using Mann-Whitney U-tests and Spearman correlation analysis. These areas were located in the wild rodent-type plague focus, which was one of 11 known plague foci in China, and was also an important focus of both tsutsugamushi disease and epidemic hemorrhagic fever （EHF）. Here, the ectoparasite communities of E. miletus and the potential medical and veterinary importance of these ectoparasites are described. A high proportion （83%） of 756 mice were found to be infested with ectoparasites. A total nf86 species of ectoparasite, including 51 species of chigger mite, 23 species of gamasid mite, 7 species of flea and 5 species of sucking louse were collected. Within this ectoparasite complex, 17 species have previously been reported to be vectors of human disease agents. E. miletus would appear therefore to be a natural reservoir for pathogen on plague bacilli, tsutsugamushi disease and epidemic haemorrhagic fever （Korean haemorrhagic fever） viruses.