对“宁可、宁愿、宁肯”语法化的历时考察

Diachronic Study on the Grammaticalization of "NING-KE,NING-YUAN,NING-KEN"

"宁可、宁愿、宁肯"的语法化(词汇化)开始于魏晋南北朝,以后经过历代的发展,到元、明、清以后完全取代"宁"的地位。"宁可、宁愿、宁肯"的语法化主要受汉语双音化类推的影响,同时受句法位置和语义侧重的影响,在语法化过程中,"可、愿、肯"的语义受到很大磨损,但它们的语义仍有一定残留,这是造成"宁可、宁愿、宁肯"差异的一个主要原因。

This article mainly analyzes the grammaticalization of ＂NING-KE, NING-YUAN, NING-KEN＂. The grammaticalization of these three words started from the Wei ＆ Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, and with the development of language, these words completely took the place of ＂NING＂ after Qing Dynasty. The process of grammaticalization was mostly influenced by disyllabic words analogizing, syntax status and semantic meaning emphasizing. Additionally, the semantic meanings of ＂KE, YUAN, KEN＂ were heavily lost in the grammaticalization process, while some semantic meanings remained, which was a main reason for the distinction among ＂NING-KE, NING-YUAN, NING-KEN＂.