棉花种子萌发过程的细胞化学动态

Cytochemical Changes in Seed Germination Process of Gossypium hirsutum L.

对鄂棉２０号棉花种子萌发过程中营养物质动态进行了观察。干种子贮藏的营养物质是蛋白质和脂肪，无淀粉粒。腺体中有多糖成份。胚中各部分的物质积累情况差异较大，胚芽、子叶基部、原维管束及其附近细胞和表皮附近的细胞内蛋白体小而少，其余部位蛋白体大而多。油体多，分散在细胞质中。萌发过程中蛋白质和脂肪逐渐降解，集中在２４～１４４ｈ，不同部位的细胞内贮藏的营养物质降解次序有所差异，代谢旺盛的部位首先降解。萌发过程中有淀粉粒的产生，集中在１～６ｄ。文中还探讨了脂肪降解的途径和淀粉粒积累的营养来源途径。

The nutrient changes in germinating seed was studied by light and electron microscope in this paper. The main reserves in ungerminated seed is protein and lipid, but not starch. The different parts of the embryo contain various contents of nutrient storage. Protein bodies in plumule, cotyledon meristematic cells, the cells near provacular tissue and epiderm are smaller and less than those in other parts. The cells contain more oil bodies in cytoplasm. Protein bodies and oil bodies degraded gradually during germination. The turn of degradation varied in different parts. The starch grains were formed during germination, which mainly took place within 1～6d days. The pathes of lipid degradation and the resource of the formation of nutrients of starch grains were discussed.