郭沫若对庄子态度的变迁

Changes in Guo Mo-ruo’s Attitudes to Zhuang Zi

在中国现代文学史中,郭沫若对待庄子的态度经历了三个非常不同的时期:浮夸时期,苦闷时期,匡济时期。在第一个浮夸时期(1924年以前),郭沫若对待庄子是充满浮夸的浪漫情怀的歌咏,把庄子哲学与西方的泛神论等同,为我们提供了一个极具个性与浪漫色彩的"文学化的庄子";在第二个苦闷时期(1924-40年代),郭沫若的思想发生了巨大的转变,接受了马克思主义,在对庄子的评价上,虽然其学术态度受到了马克思主义意识形态的影响,但基本上还是为我们客观地提供了一个"学术化的庄子";在第三个匡济时期(60年代),郭沫若则完全用阶级论来评价庄子,于是有了一个"政治化的庄子"。郭沫若对庄子态度的这种戏剧化的变迁,不仅为我们展示了庄子哲学在现代中国的波折命运,而且从中我们也可以看到中国现代文人在政治环境的压力下个性逐渐走向毁灭的悲剧。

In Chinese history of modern literature, Guo Mo-ruo＇s attitudes to Zhuang Zi experienced three different stages： exaggeration stage, melancholy stage and rescue stage. Before the year 1924, it falls into the exaggeration stage,in which Guomo-ruo exaggerated Zhuang Zi by highly praising Zhuang Zi＇s sayings so that Zhuang Zi has become a ＂literary man＂. The time from 1924 to the 1940＇belongs to the melancholy stage,in which Guo Mo-ruo was strongly influenced by Marxism but he still objectively described Zhuang Zi as an＂academic man＂. In the rescue stage（1960s）, Guo Mo-ruo completely adopted the class theory to evaluate Zhuang Zi as a＂political man＂. The dramatic changes in Guo Mo-ruo＇s attitudes to Zhuang Zi shows not only the terrible situation of Zhuang Zi＇s philosophy in modern China, but also the tragic destiny of Chinese scholars under the effect of political environment.