黑龙江省东部垦区1980～2008年主栽大豆品种农艺性状演化趋势

Evolution Tendency for Agronomic Characters of Major Soybean Cultivars in East Heilongjiang Reclamation Area from 1980-2008

为了探究黑龙江省东部垦区主栽大豆品种的农艺性状的演化趋势,选用了1980～2004年黑龙江省审定推广的12个大豆品种为材料,分析其农艺性状的差异,并计算各性状的遗传参数。结果表明:高产型品种的产量增幅最大,近期比中期增产17.2%,比早期增产23%;高蛋白品种次之,增产7.2%。高产、高蛋白品种近期的单株荚数、单株粒数比中期均有显著增加,同时高产品种的单株粒重也有显著增加;在高油品种中只有单株荚数近期比中期有显著增加。近期育成的大豆品种的株高比中期降低,主茎节数显著增加。高油型品种近期比早期脂肪含量显著提高0.82%,蛋白质含量显著降低1%;高蛋白品种近期比中期脂肪含量显著降低0.71%。从各性状的遗传变异系数和改良潜力看,单株粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数、主茎节数改良潜力较大,而株高、百粒重、蛋白质、脂肪的改良潜力较小。

It is very important to efficiently study evolution tendency of agronomic characters in soybean breeding. Twelve soybean eultivars released in Heilongjiang province from 1980 to 2004 were selected and divided into 3 stages（early,middle, and recent） and 3 types. （ high oil, high protein, high yield）. The genetic parameter and improving potential of soybean main agronomic traits among stages and types were investigated. Highest yield increment occurred in high-yield type cuhivars ,with recent cultivars increased by 17.2% and 23% compared with middle and early ones. Yield of high-protein cuhivars increased 7.2%. Pod number per plant and seed number per plant of recent high-yield and high-protein all significantly increased than middle ones, and seed weight per plant of high-yield cultivars also significantly increased. For high-oil cultivars, only pod number per plant of recent cultivars increased compared with middle ones. Plant height decreased and node number of main stem increased for recent cultivars. For current high-oil cuhivars, oil content increased 0.82% , protein content decreased 1% than early ones. Oil content of recent high-protein eultivars significantly decreased by O. 71% than middle ones. Genetic variation coefficient（GVC） and improving potential （IP） of each trait showed that seed weight per plant., pod number per plant, seed number per plant and node number of main stem have greater improving potential, while plant height, 100-seed weight,protein content and oil content have smaller improving potential.