基于RS和GIS黄河三角洲水禽生境因子变化分析

Analysis of Changes in Waterfowl Habitat Factors Based on RS & GIS in the Yellow River Delta,China

将影响水禽生境选择的因子划分为水、食物、隐蔽物和干扰4类.用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)软件对黄河三角洲地区3期TM数据进行处理,对各生境因子采取一定的分类方法,得出该地区3个时期各生境因子图.通过面积、斑块数变化及转移矩阵的分析可以看出,各生境因子的结构发生了明显的变化,变化表现为干扰加重,积水地区面积增大,谷物草籽面积及适宜隐蔽物范围减少.人类的有意识活动(干扰)是引起各生境因子发生变化的主要驱动力.生境因子变化对水禽生境既有正面影响,又有负面影响.

The factors which influence waterfowls to choose their habitats include moisture, food, shelter and disturbance. The four habitat factors are divided into several classes according to each classification method of habitat choosing factors. Based on the remote sensing images, field investigations and the maps of the Yellow River Delta, the distribution maps of the four habitat factors were developed by using RS and GIS. This study analyzed the changes in habitat factors distribution in the Yellow River Delta from 1986 to 2001 by the area, number of patches and transition matrix. The changes were found with four kinds of statuses： The disturbance became serious, the seeping areas were increasing, and the areas of vegetal food and suitable shelter were decreasing. The results showed that the habitats had been greatly changed owning to the human disturbance, and the changes in the habitat factors brought positive and negative influences on the quantity of waterfowl habitats in the Yellow River Delta. Fig 9, Tab 5, Ref30