产甲烷菌的生态多样性及工业应用

Ecological Diversity and Industrial Application of Methanogens

产甲烷菌是一类重要的极端环境微生物,在地球生物化学碳素循环过程中起着关键作用.目前,根据产甲烷菌的系统发育和生理生化特性可将已培养的产甲烷菌分为5大目.产甲烷菌广泛分布在海底及淡水沉积物、水稻田、动物胃肠道、地热及地矿等环境中,生态学研究表明,产甲烷菌在不同的生态环境里具有不同的群落分布特点,并且受不同环境因子的影响而显示出不同的生理代谢功能.本文综述了国内外近年来产甲烷菌的分类及生态多样性研究进展,同时简述了产甲烷菌在厌氧生物处理和煤层气资源开发中的广阔应用前景.

Methanogens are important extremophiles, which play a key role in the global carbon cycle. Recently, the cultured methanogens are grouped into five orders based on their phylogeny and phenotypic properties. In addition, there are many different habitats in nature for methanogens, such as marine and freshwater sediments, rice-field soils, animal gastrointestinal tracts, mineral and geothermal environment. The ecology of methanogens indicates that the different ecological methanogenic communities have different distribution characteristics, and the metabolic functions of methanogens are affected by different environmental factors. In this paper, the current knowledge methanogens, such as their definition in taxonomy and ecological diversity is reviewed, and some suggestions related to further studies on the application of methanogens in anaerobic biotreatment and biomethanization are provided. Tab 1, Ref 38