某院2008年医院感染状况回顾性分析

Retrospective Survey on Nosocomial Infection of Inpatients in Our Hospital in 2008

【目的】了解本院医院感染发生情况，为降低医院感染发生率和合理用药提供理论依据。【方法】对2008年1～12月本院医院感染病例进行回顾性调查和统计学分析。【结果】医院感染发生率为2．86％，1季度最高（3．60％）。呼吸道感染为主，占72．3％。医院感染发生率最高的科室是血液科。泌尿道插管、放化疗、人工呼吸机、免疫抑制剂是医院感染重要危险因素。主要病原菌依次为真菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、不动杆菌属、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌。下呼吸道分离病原菌最多，占59．07％。革兰阴性杆菌中不动杆菌属耐药率最高。主要革兰阴性杆菌对美洛培南、舒普深耐药率相对较低。阳性球菌对万古霉素敏感率100．0％。【结论】加强医院感染监控，严格遵守无菌技术操作，改善病区环境，合理使用抗生素，可减少医院感染发生率。

[Objective] To understand the incidence of nosocomial infection in order to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection and to provide theoretical basis for rational administration. [Methods] From January to December in 2008, the cases of nosocomial infection were retrospectively investigated and statistically analyzed. [Results] The results of nosocomial infection rate was 2.86%. One quarter of the nosocomial infection rate Was the highest （3.60%）. Respiratory tract infection mainly accounted for 72.30%. The section for the highest incidence rate of nosocomial infection was hematology department. Intra-urethral cannula, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, artificial respiration machine and immunosuppressive agents were important risk factors for nosocomial infection. Fungus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the main pathogens. Most pathogens were isolated from lower respiratory tract and accounted for 59.07%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter was the highest in Gram-negative bacilli. The resistance rate of mainly Gram negative bacilli to Meropenem and Sulperazon was relatively low. The sensitive rate of gram-posltive cocci to vancomycin was 100%. [Conclusion] In order to reduce the inci dence of nosocomial infection, strengthening the monitoring of nosocomial infection, observing the aseptic technique operation strictly, improving the ward environment and rationally using antibiotics are all important.