长江中游洪灾形成与防治的环境地质研究

Study on Environmental Geology of Formulation and Prevention of Flood Disasters in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River

长江中游干流沿岸及江汉湖群、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、巢湖地区,面积约21×104km2,是长江流域洪灾最为严重的地区,其形成与地质环境和地质作用有密切关系,但过去对这方面还缺少全面研究,开展该地区环境地质调查评价,探讨洪灾形成的地学模式、演化趋势与防治对策,避免发生区域性重大洪灾是防洪和环境灾害地质科学技术研究领域的一项重大课题。探讨洪灾形成的构造沉降、大堤约束、泥沙淤积、管涌崩岸等地质作用与地学模式,由洪水位抬升的事实,揭示了长江向荆北平原自然分流的深化趋势,提出了正确处理人与自然关系,调整水砂重新分配的防治对策,为长江中游综合整治和科学防洪提供了地质依据。

The Region along the Yangtze River and regions including Jianghan Lake-group, Dongting, Poyang and Chaoauthor carries out investigation and evaluation of environmental geology in this region, and discusses geoscience model, evolution tendency and control measures of formulation of flood disasters. Avoiding the formulation of great flood disasters is a major subjet of geological science and technology research in prevention of flood disasters and environmental disasters. The author discusses geological process and geoscience patterns including tectonic subsidence, embankment bound, sedimentation and collapse on the bank, caused by flood disasters, reveals evolution tendency of natural streaming from Yangtze River to Jingbei Plain, proposes control measures such as correctly handling the relationship between man and nature as well as adjusting the re -allocation of water sand,which provide a geological basis of comprehensive improvement and scientific flood control in the Middle Reach of the Yangtze River.