康德“理性”概念的涵义

Meanings of Kant's conception of reason

康德的"理性"概念有三个层面的含义:理性1,在外延上包括所有高级认识能力及实践能力,内涵上指理性的逻辑推理能力,是一个逻辑概念;理性2,是较狭义的理性,最高的认识能力,原则的能力,以形式逻辑的推理来设置理念,引导、调节认识,属于先验逻辑的辩证论,是一个认识论的概念;理性3,是最狭义的理性,辩证法的根源,通往物自体(上帝等),设置无限统一的对象,这在理论认识上虽然只是"辩证幻相",但却为理性的实践运用留下了地盘,所以理性3的实质是实践理性、自由意志,是一个实践本体论概念。

Kant's conception of 'reason' has three levels of meanings.Reason 1,in terms of its extension,involves the whole higher faculty of cognitions and practical faculty;in terms of its intension,it refers to the logically inferential faculty of reason.It is a logic conception.Reason 2,the narrower reason,is the highest cognitive faculty,the faculty of principles.It sets ideas by means of the inference of formal logic,conducts and regulates the cognitions,and belongs to the dialectic of transcendental logic.It is an epistemological conception.Reason 3,the narrowest reason and the root of dialectics,leads to the things-in-themselves(God,etc.) and sets infinitely united objects.This leaves space for practical use of reason although this is simply a 'dialectic illusion' in respect of theoretical cognitions,so the essence of reason 3 is practical reason or free will.It is a practical ontological conception.