红树植物半人工小群落的生态学研究——不间伐的灌木环境对乔木种群的适宜度及群落改造决策

Ecological Study on the Small Mangrove CommunitiesEstablished by Partial Artificial Method——The Suitability of the Entire Environment of Shrub Community to theArbor Populations and the Strategy on Community Rehabilitat

采用种群保存及生长指标综合指数，以间伐灌木后引进的乔木种群作为对照标准，以直接引进的乔木种群作为主要研究对象，进行不作间伐的灌木环境对于乔木种群的适宜度对比分析；再运用灰色局势决策理论和方法，以乔木种群优势和良好的林相、尽快发挥防风消浪效果、改造后所形成的半人工小群落合理的乔灌比例和最大的生产力、合理的乔木种群结构、群落的可持续性更新和长期发挥效益等方面进行多目标综合决策，从中选出了改造我国普遍存在的次生桐花树＋角果木灌木群落的较好乔木树种和确定较佳的改造方式。结果表明：不作任何间伐的灌木环境对三个乔木种群的适宜度大小依次为：红海榄＞木榄＞海莲；相对于直接引进方式而言，块状间伐灌木后引进乔木种群的改造方式可明显提高乔木种群的保存和生长发育效果；以直接引进乔木种群的方式改造桐花树＋角果木灌木群落，按乔木种群的优劣次序可排列为：红海榄→红树→木榄→海莲。

By means of the composite indexes of population survival and growth,and by using arbor populations introduced into a secondary Aegiceras corniculatum+Ceriops tagal shrub community thinned in a certain extent as a contrast and those introduced directly as the main objects of the study in Dongzhai National Mangrove Reserve,Hianan Province,the paper conducted the comparison and analysis on the suitability of the entire environment of the shrub community (not thinned) to the arbor populations;and by the theory and method of gray strategic decision,the better arbor species and method for rehabilitating the secondary A.corniculatum+C.tagal shrub communities existing commonly in south China were determined from the overall considerations on the dominance of the arbor populations and a good community appearance,to bring the effect of preventing wind and controlling wave as soon as possible,the reasonable proportion between arbors and shrubs and utmost productivity,rational arbor population structure,the sustainable regeneration of the rehabilitated community and long term ecological effect.The results showed that the suitability of the entire environment of the shrub community to the arbor populations was as the following:Rhizophora stylosa>Bruguiera gymnorrhiza>B.sexangula;and that the method of introducing arbors into the shrub community thinned in square way can increase their survival rate and growth compared with that of introducing the arbors directly;and the arbor species to be used in rehabilitating the secondary A.corniculatum+C.tagal shrub community by the method of introducing directly can be queued in order as the following in terms of what was good and what was bad:Rhizophora stylosa→R.apiculata→B.gymnorrhiza→B.sexangula.