毛白杨多功能新品种选育研究

Study on Selection and Breeding for Multifunctionof New Variety of Populus tomentosa

观测北京、河北、河南３地点的１３年生毛白杨无性系试验林，无性系间的树高、胸径、木材密度、纤维长度等性状的差异均极显著；无性系的遗传稳定性、生长适应性、主干通直系数、树体形态系数、抗病虫指数等性状存在一定差别。材积生长量无性系×地点交互作用极显著，无性系间生长型不同（“广适型”、“高产型”、“低产型”）。无性系的材积生长量、木材密度、主干通直系数、树体系数和抗病虫害指数的重复率分别为０．５８０、０．５３６、０．３９０、０．４１１和０．５００，性状经济权重分别为０．３５、０．２５、０．１０、０．１０和０．２０，建立多功能型无性系的选择指数，其综合育种增益比对照品种≥１５％为中选优良无性系新品种。为北京、河北、河南分别选育出８个、７个和６个优良无性系，平均综合增益分别提高２３．９％、２４．９％和２１．０％；３个地点都中选的３７、３５１、９８３２和１０１２等优良无性系的平均综合育种增益提高２５．１％。所选无性系皆为雄性，显著提高了城乡绿化效应。

13year poplar clonal stand in the 3 sites of Beijing,Hebei,Henan are observed and surveyed for properties of heights,DBH,timber density,timber length.Remarkable variance is shown among the observed traits.The genetic stability,growth adaptability,stem straightness coefficient,form shape coefficient,antiblight index exhibited certain difference.The interactive variation of site×clone is extremely remarkable.The observed clones can be categorized into 3 types as “general adaptive”,“high yielding” and “low yielding”.The volume increment,timber density,stem straightness coefficient,form shape coefficient and antiblight index and repeatability are estimated as 0.580,0.536,0.390,0.411 and 0.500 respectively.The economical trait weight is 0.35,0.25,0.10,0.10 and 0.20 respectively.A multifunctional clonal selective index is developed,the breeding gain of the clones which exhibits 15% more than that of CK can be selected as excellent clones.Respectively 8,7 and 6 excellent clones are selected for the 3 sites mentioned above and the average comprehensive gain is 23.9%,24.9% and 21.0% respectively.In respect to clones No.37,351,9832 and 1012 which are commonly selected as excellent clones,the average comprehensive gain can be as high as 25.1%.The clones selected are all of male sex,the greening effect can be enhanced greatly.