大豆杂种F_2代的遗传变异及其与亲本相关性的研究

STUDIES ON THE GENETIC VARIABILITY OF SOYBEAN HYBRID F 2 AND THE CORRELATION OF IT WITH PARENTS

本文采用１４个优良的大豆品种（品系）进行杂交，配成１６个组合，所得Ｆ２代进行了杂种优势比较和相关分析。结果表明：Ｆ２代各性状普遍呈负向优势，百粒重呈正向优势。Ｆ２代分离广泛，类型丰富，且存在较大的超亲分离。Ｆ２代主茎分枝数与高亲（ＨＰ）、低亲（ＬＰ）及中亲值（ＭＰ）均呈极显著正相关；主茎节数与ＨＰ、ＬＰ及ＭＰ，百粒重与ＨＰ和ＭＰ都呈显著正相关。Ｆ２代的单株粒重与单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重均呈极显著正相关，与株高和主茎节数呈显著正相关。

Seleting 14 improved breeds from different breeding units to make up 16 crosses,analysed the heterosis of F 2 and the correlation of F 2 with parents. The result showed: all characteristics of F 2 expressed negative superiorities except for 100 grain weight. F 2 separated widly and existed super-parent separation.The number of effective branch of F 2 was poritively correlated that of higher parents, lower partents and middle parents of extremely significant level;The number of nod in main stem was positively correlated to that of HP、LP and MP,and 100 grain weight was positively correlated to that of MP and HP at significant levels; Grain weight per plant of F 2 was positively correlated to the number of rod per plant, the number of grain per plant and 100 grain weight at extremely significant level, while it was positively correlated to the plant height and the number of nod in main stem at significant level.