试论我国海上责任保险第三人的直接请求权

Analysis on Some Issues of The Direct Claim of Third Parties in Marine Liability Insurance in China

在海上责任保险领域中,国内立法还没有明确完整地赋予海上责任保险第三人对保险人的保险金直接请求权,这不仅导致第三人受损权益无法得到及时充分的救济,同时也影响了海事司法实践的统一。因此,首先要在保险法或其他相关法规中完善我国的责任保险法律制度;其次在《海商法》中应明确规定海上责任保险第三人对保险人享有直接请求权,并进一步系统构建自愿海上责任保险第三人的直接请求权与强制海上责任保险第三人的直接请求权这两种不同的权利制度体系;此外,还应把保赔保险纳入海上责任保险立法的调整范围,同样赋予保赔保险中第三人以直接请求权。

There has not been any law concerning the direct claim of the third parties for insurance compensation in marine liability insurance in China, which leaves the damaged interests of third parties unrelieved and affects the unity of marine judicial practice. Therefore, the legal system of liability insurance need be perfected in Chinese insurance law and related laws, the maritime law in China should empower definitely the direct claim to third parties in marine liability insurance, and the protection and indemnity insurance should also be regulated by the legislation of marine liability insurance in China.